The Theory Of Anger And Its Effects On The Individual s...

Sell et al. (2009) address the relationship of anger to the ability to inflict costs and confer benefits during negotiation through bargaining. This is assessed within the recalibrational theory of anger which theorises there is an evolutionarily derived anger system that is used in bargaining to gain favourable outcomes by incentivising others to re-assess the worth they place on the angry individual’s welfare. Welfare Trade Ratios (WTRs) compute how much worth is placed on the welfare of another compared to the self within the recalibrational theory. Anger works to gain the highest cost-effective WTR from others depending on bargaining position that is derived from an individual’s ability to inflict cost (through aggression) and†¦show more content†¦Therefore, anger is more effective in negotiation for stronger and more attractive persons. The authors made these variables operational by proposing that: A. for men upper-body strength predicts ability to inflict cost through aggression B. for women attractiveness is used as an advantage in bargaining and would predict ability to confer benefit They consequently predict that: A. stronger men and more attractive women will have an advantage in bargaining (ability to inflict cost/confer benefit), therefore succeed in conflicts more often, feel entitled to better treatment and be more prone to anger. B. Stronger men should have a history of fighting and endorse violence as a resolution to personal and international conflict. Correlation and regression analyses assessed relationships between self-report and upper-body strength measures. Men’s physical strength was measured using: A. Lifting strength assessed using weight lifting machines (study 1) B. Portable handgrip measures and cumulative scores of flexed bicep circumference, self and other perceived strength (based on rating photographs) (study 2) The sample from study 1 was recruited from a gym. This sample may have atypical features so the student population was sampled in study 2. Participants in both studies completed self-report scales assessing anger-proneness, fighting history, rumination, belief in the utility

How Does Tom Buchanan Represent 1920s Society in the...

How does Tom Buchanan represent 1920’s society? Tom Buchanan plays a large role in the great Gatsby and is greatly representative of the rich â€Å"old money† part of society, and, in many ways what was wrong with it. F. Scott Fitzgerald may have made Tom a villain because of their rejection of him in his earlier life. Fitzgerald has used Tom in The Great Gatsby, to demonstrate the power that men had during the 1920s. In order to understand Toms purpose in the book, it must be known that he has been purposely set up as a character the reader does not like. Fitzgerald has done this, as he does not like men whose lives mirror Toms. Tom is a violent man, who is completely in control of the women in his life. He shows how disrespectful some†¦show more content†¦However, there were people in the 1920’s who experienced severe poverty and this is shown in some parts of the book especially through George Wilson as he struggles to survive whilst others such as Tom and Gatsby live a life of luxury with money they will never spend. Tom’s treatment of George in many ways has direct links to the treatment of the poor by the rich in the 1920’s as they exploited them through their desperation, employing them into theShow MoreRelatedEssay on F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby968 Words   |  4 Pages The 1920s was a time of excess and growth. Economically, it was a time for great financial gain. Largely because of improvements in technology, productivity increased while overall production costs decreased, and the economy grew. Not only was this time filled with prosperity, but corruption as well. People who had previously worked day and night finally acquired leisure time. 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Retail Sector Opportunity and Threats Free Essays

Indian retail industry is dividing into organized and unorganized sectors. Organized retailing refers to trading activities undertaken by licensed retailers, that is, those who are registered for sale tax, income tax, etc. these include the corporate-backed hypermarket and retail chains, and also the privately owned large retail businesses. We will write a custom essay sample on Retail Sector Opportunity and Threats or any similar topic only for you Order Now Unorganized retailing, on the other hand, refers to the traditional formats of low-cost retailing for example, the local kirana shops, owner manned general stores, paan shops, convenience shop, hand cart and pavement vendors, etc. Opportunity: * India is among 10 largest retail markets in the world. * Urbanization * Location advantage. * Falling real estate cost * E-retailing * Changing consumer habits and lifestyles. * The retail sector in India is worth USD 394 billion and is growing at the rate of 30% annually. * India is the least competitive as well as least saturated of all major global market. This implies that there are significantly low entry barriers for players trying to setup base in India in term of the competitive landscape. A good talent pool, unlimited opportunities, huge markets, and availability of quality raw materials at cheaper cost is expected to make India overtake the world’s best retail economies by 2040, according to industry players. * Currently, the market share of organized modern retail is just over 4 percent of the total retail industry, thereby leaving a huge untapped opportunity. * The composition of the Indian population is shifting towards the age group of 20-49 i. e. the working population with purchasing power. As per a Mckinsey report, of the current 204 million households in India, about 13 million households have the income to prop up growth of organized retail and this consumer segment is expected to grow at over 20% annually in the next eight years. * Rising disposable income: The second fastest growing economy has provided new employment avenues and the same have resulted in increase in number of people in the earners category. Increasing instances of double incomes in most families coupled with the rise in spending power is further fuelling growth in consumption and in turn growth of the retail sector. Shopping convenience: Apart from the population that has desire and ability to spend, the other factors that have patronized modern retail or organized retail is the convenience of shopping and wide variety. Threats * Inflation. * Lack of differentiation among the malls that are coming. * The industry is facing a severe shortage of talente d professionals, especially at the middle-management level. * Most Indian retail players are under serious pressure to make their supply chains more efficient in order to deliver the level of quality and service that consumers are demanding. Long intermediation chain would increase the costs by 15 percent. * Lack of adequate infrastructure with respect to roads, electricity has further led to the impediment of a pan-India network of suppliers. Due to these constraints, retail chains have to restore to multiple vendors for their requirements, thereby, raising costs and prices. * Retailing is yet to become a preferred career option for most of India’s educated class that has chosen sector like IT, BPO and financial services. * Policy related issues Lack of industry status for retail. * Numerous license, permits and registration requirement. * Farmer and retailer unfriendly APMC act. * Limited consumer insight * Lack of detailed region specific customer data. * Less data on spending pattern. * Inadequate human resources * Lack of trained personnel at all level. * Stringent employment and industry laws. * Fragment approach to human resources. * Taxation hurdle * Inconsistent octopi and entry tax structure. * Vat and m ultiple taxation issues. * Large grey market presence. How to cite Retail Sector Opportunity and Threats, Papers